Diesel Forklift 3 Toni Inosimudza 4500mm: Yako Yekupedzisira Gwaro

Diesel Forklift 3 Toni Inosimudza 4500mm: Yako Yekupedzisira Gwaro

Mufananidzo Kwakabvaunsplash

Diesel forklifts uyepallet jackskuita basa rakakosha mumaindasitiri akasiyana.Kunzwisisa zvakatemwa zvemakina aya kunovimbisa kuita kwakaringana uye kuchengetedzeka.Gwaro iri rine chinangwa chekupa nzwisiso yakazara mudhiziri forklift 3 toni inosimudza 4500mm, kubatsira mabhizimisi kuita zvisarudzo zvine ruzivo.

Kunzwisisa Diesel Forklifts

Chii chinonzi Diesel Forklift?

Tsanangudzo uye Zvikamu Zvikuru

A dhiziri forkliftinoshanda ichishandisa injini yekupisa yemukati inofambiswa nemafuta edhiziri.Izvo zvakakosha zvinosanganisira injini, hydraulic lift system, counterweight, uye kabhini yemushandisi.Injini inogadzira simba rekusimudza uye kufambisa mitoro inorema.Iyo hydraulic system inofambisa kusimudza uye kudzikisira kwezvinhu.Iyo counterweight inovimbisa kugadzikana panguva yekushanda.Kabhini yemutyairi inopa yakachengeteka uye ergonomic nharaunda kumutyairi.

Zvakanakira Diesel Forklifts

Diesel forkliftskupa akati wandeizvakanakira pane mamwe marudzizve forklifts.Michina iyi inoburitsa simba repamusoro, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune rinorema-basa mabasa.Kuenderera mberi kwekushanda kwakanaka kunomira pachena nekutirefueling inotora nguva shomapane recharging electric models.Injini dzedhiziri dzinopa kushanda kwakasimba munzvimbo dzekunze, kubata nzvimbo dzakaipa zviri nyore.Kugara uye kurarama kwenguva refu kweinjini dzedhiziri kunoderedza kuwanda kwekutsiva uye kugadzirisa kukuru.

General Kushandisa Diesel Forklifts

Industrial Applications

Diesel forkliftskugona mune akasiyana maindasitiri application.Michina iyi inobata mitoro inorema munzvimbo dzekuvaka, mafekitari ekugadzira, uye zvigayo zvesimbi.Iyo yakakwira yekusimudza simba uye dhizaini yakaoma inoita kuti ive yakakodzera kutakura zvinhu zvakakura.Maindasitiri anovimba neaya maforklift emabasa akadai sekurodha nekuturunura marori, kufambisa mbishi, uye kuisa midziyo inorema.

Warehousing uye Logistics

Mune warehousing uye Logistics,dhiziri forkliftskuita basa rinokosha.Michina iyi inofambisa mashandiro nekufambisa zvinhu zvakanaka mukati menzvimbo huru dzekuchengetera.Iko kugona kusimudza kusvika ku4500mm kunosimudzira vertical kuchengetedza kugona.Matura anoshandisa maforklift aya kurongedza mapallets, kuronga hesitori, uye kurodha zvinhu mumotokari dzekutakura.Kuvimbika uye simba reinjini dzedhiziri inovimbisa kusakanganisika kufambiswa kwebasa munzvimbo dzakabatikana dzekutakura zvinhu.

Madiro Akakosha

Madiro Akakosha
Mufananidzo Kwakabvaunsplash

Kusimudza Kugona

Kukosha kwe 3-ton capacity

A dhiziri forklift3 toni inosimudza 4500mminopa mhinduro inoshanda kune akasiyana maindasitiri.Iyo 3-ton inobvumira iyo forklift kubata mitoro yakakura pasina kukanganisa maneuverability.Uhu huwandu hunoenderana nemukati mekushandisa uko kune zvimhingamipinyi zvenzvimbo.Iko kugona kusimudza 3 matani kunovimbisa kushanda kwakanaka kwezvinhu mumatura, nharaunda dzezvitoro, uye madiki-chikero maindasitiri mashandiro.

Kuenzanisa nemamwe mabasa

Kuenzanisa iyo 3-ton kugona kune epamusoro masimba senge 3.5 matani inoratidza akasiyana mabhenefiti.A3.5-ton forkliftinobata mitoro inorema uye inokodzera maapplication ekunze.Nekudaro, iyo 3-ton forklift inokunda mune zvemukati marongero nekuda kweiyo compact dhizaini.Maindasitiri akadai sewerehousing uye Logistics anosarudza iyo 3-ton modhi yechiyero chayo pakati pesimba nehukuru.Iyo 3.5-ton forklift, nepo ine simba, inogona kusapa yakafanana mwero wekufambisa munzvimbo dzakavharirwa.

Load Center Distance

Tsanangudzo uye kukosha

Chinhambwe chepakati pekutakura (load center distance) zvinoreva nhambwe yakachinjika kubva pamberi pemaforogo kusvika pakati pegiravhiti yemutoro.Nokuti adhiziri forklift 3 toni inosimudza 4500mm, chinhambwe ichi chinowanzoyera kutenderera 500 mm.Kunzwisisa kuremerwa kwepakati kureba kwakakosha pakuchengetedza kugadzikana panguva yekusimudza mabasa.Yakakodzera nzvimbo yekuremerwa kuremerwa inovimbisa kuti forklift inokwanisa kubata zvakachengeteka chiyero chayo chakayerwa pasina kukwevera pamusoro.

Impact pakusimudza simba

Iyo yekuremedza yepakati chinhambwe inokanganisa zvakananga kusimudza kugona kweforklift.Kurebesa kuremerwa kwepakati kureba kunoderedza iyo inoshanda yekusimudza kugona.Sezvineiwo, kuremerwa kwepakati kuremerwa kunobvumira forklift kubata mitoro inorema.Vashandi vanofanira kutarisa kuremerwa kwepakati pavanoronga kusimudza kuti vave nechokwadi chekuchengeteka uye kushanda zvakanaka.Mitoro yakanyatsorongeka mukati meyakatarwa kuremerwa nzvimbo kuremedza kuita kweforklift.

Simudza Kureba

Kukwirira kwepamusoro kwe4500mm

Thedhiziri forklift 3 toni inosimudza 4500mminopa hurefu hwekusimudza hurefu hwe4500 mm.Uku kugona kwehurefu kunokwirisa vertical kuchengetedza sarudzo mumawarehouse uye maindasitiri marongero.Kugona kusimudza mitoro kusvika pakakwirira zvakadaro kunowedzera kushandiswa kwenzvimbo yekuchengetedza.Forklifts ine iyi yekusimudza kureba inogona kunyatso kurongedza mapallets uye zvinhu pamasherufu akakwirira, kuvandudza kugona kwekuchengetedza kwese.

Mamiriro ezvinhu anoda kukwidziridzwa kwepamusoro

Mamiriro akati wandei anobatsirwa kubva pakusimudza kwepamusoro kwe4500 mm.Matura ane marefu ekuchengetera racks anoshandisa ichi chimiro kuwedzera nzvimbo yakatwasuka.Nzvimbo dzekuvaka dzinowanzoda zvinhu zvekusimudza kumapuratifomu akakwirisa kana scaffolding.Iyo yakakwirira yekusimudza kureba inoratidzawo kubatsira mukugadzira zvidyarwa uko michina nemidziyo inoda chaiyo chinzvimbo.Kusiyana-siyana kwedhiziri forklift 3 toni inosimudza 4500mminoita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha munzvimbo idzi dzinoda.

Engine Types uye Performance

Mhando dzeDiesel Engines

Common Engine Models

Diesel forklifts kazhinji inoratidzira injini kubva kune vane mukurumbira vagadziri.Mhando dzakakurumbira dzinosanganisira Yanmar, ISUZU, XINCHAI, Mitsubishi, uye Toyota.Imwe neimwe injini modhi inopa yakasarudzika mabhenefiti akarongedzerwa kune akasiyana ekushanda zvinodiwa.Semuenzaniso, mainjini eYanmar anozivikanwa nekuvimbika kwavo uye nemazinga akaderera eruzha.ISUZU injini dzinopa kuita kwakasimba uye kusimba.XINCHAI injini dzinopa mhinduro dzinodhura pasina kukanganisa kunaka.Mitsubishi uye Toyota injini dzinopa yakakwira simba kuburitsa uye kunyatsoshanda.

Fuel Efficiency uye Emissions

Kushanda kwemafuta kunoramba kuri chinhu chakakosha mukushanda kwedhiziri forklift.Injini dzedhiziri dzemazuva ano dzinosanganisira matekinoroji epamusoro ekugonesa kushandiswa kwemafuta.Kushandisa mafuta zvakanaka kunoderedza mitengo yekushandisa uye kunoderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.Emission zviyero zvave kuomarara, zvichiita kuti vagadziri vagadzire injini dzakachena.Mazhinji maforklift edhiziri ave kusangana neTier 4 emission standards, kuve nechokwadi kuderedzwa kunokuvadza kuburitsa.Kuteerera uku hakungobatsiri zvakatipoteredza chete asiwo kunowedzera kuchengeteka kwepabasa.

Performance Metrics

Power Output

Simba rinobuda rinotarisa kugona kweforklift kubata mitoro inorema.Diesel injini dzinowanzopa yakakwira simba kubuda kana ichienzaniswa nemagetsi modhi.Semuyenzaniso, mamwe maTCM modhi anoburitsa 44.0 kW pa2300 rpm Kubuda kwemagetsi kunogonesa kusimudza uye kutakura zvinhu.Kugona uku kunoratidza kwakakosha munzvimbo dzinoda maindasitiri uko mabasa anorema-basa akajairika.

Torque uye Kuwedzera

Torque inoita basa rakakosha mukuita kweforklift.Yakakwirira torque inobvumira forklift kuti ikurumidze kukurumidza, kunyange pasi pemitoro inorema.Injini dzedhiziri dzinoita zvakanaka mukupa torque yakakura, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera nzvimbo dzakaoma uye mamiriro akaoma.Kukurumidza kumhanyisa kunowedzera kugadzirwa nekudzikisa nguva dzekutenderera.Vashandi vanogona kupedza mabasa nekukurumidza, vachivandudza kushanda kwese kushanda zvakanaka.

Nyanzvi Testimony:

"Yakarongedzerwa kuita kwepamusoro, injini, hydrostatic drive, uye Linde Load Control lift system inoshanda kugadzira muchina unoshanda, une simba," anodaro mumweNyanzvi muLinde Forklifts."Rudzi rwese rwunodada nekusimudza kusimudza, asi iyoLinde H80D ine hukuru hukuru, anopfuura matani masere.”

Iyi nyanzvi yekunzwisisa inosimbisa kukosha kwekuita kweinjini mukuwana hukuru hwekusimudza masimba.Diesel forklifts, ine injini dzavo dzine simba uye masisitimu epamberi, inova nechokwadi chekushanda kwakavimbika uye kwakanaka mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana.

Common Features uye Configurations

Common Features uye Configurations
Mufananidzo Kwakabvapexels

Standard Features

Safety Features

Diesel forkliftshuya wakashongedzerwa neakakosha maficha ekuchengetedza kuchengetedza vashandisi uye vanomira.Michina iyi kazhinji inosanganisira:

  • Overhead guardskudzivirira vashandi kubva pazvinhu zvinodonha.
  • Mabhandi ezvigarokuchengetedza vashandisi panguva yekushanda.
  • Chengetedza maaramukunyevera vamwe kana forklift inofamba ichidzokera kumashure.
  • Strobe lightskuwedzera kuoneka mumamiriro epasi-chiedza.
  • Load backrestskudzivirira mitoro kubva kumashure.

Vagadziri vanodaLindetarisa pakugadzira maforklift ane hushamwari anoisawo pamberi pekuchengetedza.Zano ravo rakazara rekusimudzira rinosanganisira kudzikisira kuburitswa uye kushandiswa kwemafuta, zvichibatsira kunzvimbo yakachengeteka yekushanda.

Ergonomic Dhizaini

Ergonomic dhizaini inoita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira kunyaradza kwevashandisi uye kugadzira.Key ergonomic zvinhu zvedhiziri forkliftszvinosanganisira:

  • Zvigaro zvinogadziriswanerutsigiro rwechiuno kuderedza kuneta kwevashandi.
  • Tilt steering columnskugonesa zvakasiyana-siyana zvevashandisi zvavanoda.
  • Zvirinyore-kusvika-zvinodzorakuitira kushanda zvakanaka.
  • Anti-vibration systemskuderedza kusagadzikana kwevashandisi panguva yekushandiswa kwenguva refu.

Aya maficha anovimbisa kuti vashandisi vanogona kushanda nemazvo uye zvakanaka, zvichideredza njodzi yekuomerwa nekukuvara.

Optional Configurations

Attachments uye Accessories

Diesel forkliftsinopa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekubatanidza uye zvishongedzo kuti uwedzere kuita kwavo kwakasiyana-siyana.Zvinowanzobatanidzwa zvinosanganisira:

  • Side shifterskufambisa mitoro nechemberi pasina kuisazve forklift.
  • Fork positionerskugadzirisa forogo spacing kune akasiyana mitoro saizi.
  • Rotatorskutenderedza mitoro yekurasa kana kuisa patsva.
  • Clampskubata mitoro isiri-palletized semadhiramu kana mabhero.

Izvi zvakabatanidzwa zvinobvumira forklifts kuita mabasa akasiyana siyana, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha mumaindasitiri akasiyana.

Customization Sarudzo

Sarudzo dzekugadzirisa zvinogonesa mabhizinesi kugadzirisadhiziri forkliftskune zvavanoda chaizvo.Customization inogona kusanganisira:

  • Specialized matayikune nzvimbo dzakasiyana, dzakadai sematairi akasimba kana epneumatic.
  • Cab enclosuresnekudziya uye mhepo yekudziya kwemamiriro ekunze akanyanya.
  • Advanced telematics masisitimuyekutarisa forklift kuita uye kugadzirisa zvinodiwa.
  • Tsika pendi uye brandingkuenzanisa mavara ekambani nemalogo.

Idzi sarudzo dzinoona kuti forklift imwe neimwe inosangana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvenzvimbo yayo yekushanda, ichiwedzera kushanda nesimba uye kubudirira.

Nyanzvi Insight:

"Linde's EVO forklifts inozivikanwa nekuda kweushamwari hwemhoteredzo uye maitiro epamusoro," inodaro nyanzvi yeindasitiri."Michina iyi inowana kudzikiswa kwakanyanya mukushandiswa kwemafuta uye kuburitsa, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yepamusoro kumabhizinesi anoisa pamberi pekuchengetedza."

Iko kusanganiswa kweyakajairwa kuchengetedza maficha, ergonomic dhizaini, inobatika yakasiyana-siyana, uye sarudzo dzekugadzirisa dzinoitadhiziri forkliftspfuma yakakosha munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzeindasitiri.

Transmission Options

Manual vs. Automatic

Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa zveumwe neumwe

Manual transmissions inopa kudzora chaiko pamusoro pekufamba kweforklift.Vashandi vanogona kusarudza magiya zvichienderana nekuremerwa zvinodiwa.Iyi sarudzo inopa kushanda kwemafuta zviri nani mune mamwe mamiriro.Nekudaro, kutapurirana kwemaoko kunoda hunyanzvi uye kunogona kukonzera kuneta kwemushandisi.

Automatic transmissions inorerutsa kushanda.Iyo sisitimu inosarudza yega giya rakakodzera.Izvi zvinoderedza kudiwa kwekugadziriswa nguva dzose.Kutumira otomatiki kunowedzera kunyaradza kweanoshanda uye kuderedza nguva yekudzidziswa.Zvisinei, masisitimu aya anogona kudhura uye anogona kushandisa mafuta akawanda.

Kukodzera Kwemabasa Akasiyana

Manual transmissions suit mabasa anoda kunyatso kudzora.Nzvimbo dzekuvaka dzinowanzo batsirwa nesarudzo dzemaoko.Mhoteredzo idzi dzinoda kunyatsofambiswa.Manual transmissions zvakare inokunda mumaapplication ane huremu hwakasiyana.

Automatic transmissions inoshanda zvakanaka mukudzokorora mabasa.Warehousing uye Logistics mashandiro anowanzofarira otomatiki masisitimu.Aya mabasa anosanganisira kugaromira uye kutanga.Kutumira otomatiki kunoderedza kuomarara kwevashandi uye kuwedzera kugadzirwa.

Maintenance Mafungiro

Routine Maintenance Tips

Kugara kugadziridza kunovimbisa optimal forklift performance.Vashandi vanofanira kutarisa mazinga emvura zuva nezuva.Hydraulic fluid, oiri yeinjini, uye inotonhorera inoda kugara ichitariswa.Kudzvinyirirwa kwetai uye mamiriro ezvinhu zvinodawo kuongororwa nguva nenguva.Kuchenesa mafirita emhepo uye kuatsiva sezvinodiwa kunochengetedza injini kushanda zvakanaka.

Yakarongwa sevhisi nenyanzvi kwakakosha.Vagadziri vanopa zvirongwa zvekugadzirisa.Kutevera nhungamiro idzi kunodzivirira nyaya huru.Kugara uchiongorora hoses nemabhandi kunobatsira kuziva kupfeka nekukurumidza.Mafuta anofambisa zvikamu zvinoderedza kukwesha uye kuwedzera hupenyu.

Matambudziko Anowanikwa uye Mhinduro

Forklifts inogona kusangana nematambudziko akajairika.Kupisa kweinjini kunowanzo kukonzeresa kubva kune yakaderera inotonhorera mwero.Kugara uchitarisa uye kuzadza zvakare chinotonhorera kunodzivirira dambudziko iri.Hydraulic system leaks inogona kuitika.Kuongorora mahosi nemasimbiso nguva dzose kunobatsira kuona panobuda mvura nguva ichiripo.

Matambudziko ekutapurirana angamuka.Kuderera kwemvura kunowanzokonzera nyaya idzi.Kugara uchitarisa nekuchengetedza mazinga emvura kunodzivirira kutapurirana kukundikana.Nyaya dzemagetsi dzinogona kukanganisa forklift performance.Kuongorora wiring nekubatanidza kunovimbisa kushanda kwakavimbika.

Nyanzvi Insight:

“Kuchengeta nguva nenguva kunowedzera upenyu hwemaforklift,” inodaro imwe nyanzvi yokugadzirisa zvinhu."Kugadzirisa nyaya diki nekukurumidza kunodzivirira kugadzirisa kunodhura uye kuderera."

Maitiro ekugadzirisa akakodzera anoita kuti dizeli forklifts irambe yakavimbika uye inoshanda.Kugara uchiongorora uye kushanda nenguva kunoita kuti mabasa afambe zvakanaka.

Mitengo uye Applications

Cost Factors

New vs. Yakashandiswa Forklifts

Kutenga dhiziri forklift nyowani kunopa akati wandei mabhenefiti.Mamodheru matsva anouya neazvino tekinoroji uye maficha, kuve nechokwadi chekuita kwakanyanya uye kuchengetedzeka.Vagadziri vanopa waranti inovhara kugadzirisa uye kutsiva.Nekudaro, maforklift matsva anouya nemutengo wepamusoro wekutanga.

Diziri forklift yakashandiswa inopa imwe nzira inodhura.Michina iyi inowanzouya pachidimbu chemutengo wemhando itsva.Mabhizinesi anogona kuwana akachengetedzwa zvakanaka akashandiswa forklift anoita nekuvimbika.Nekudaro, maforklift akashandiswa angangoda kugadziridzwa kakawanda.Kushaikwa kwewaranti kunogona kutungamirira kumitengo yepamusoro yekugadzirisa nekufamba kwenguva.

Kuwedzera Mari (Kugadzirisa, Mafuta)

Kushandisa dizeli forklift kunosanganisira mari inoenderera mberi.Mari yekuchengetedza inosanganisira yenguva dzose sevhisi uye kutsiva zvikamu.Kugara uchitarisa pamazinga emvura, matayi, uye hydraulic masisitimu anovimbisa kushanda zvakanaka.Diesel forklifts inoda periodic injini tune-ups uye sefa shanduko.

Mafuta emafuta anobatsirawo pamutengo wose.Mitengo yemafuta edhiziri inochinja-chinja, ichikanganisa bhajeti rekushanda.Diesel injini dzinopayakakwirira kuenderera mberi kushanda zvakanakazvichienzaniswa nemhando dzemagetsi.Kuwedzera mafuta kunotora nguva shoma pane kuchajazve forklift yemagetsi.Kushanda uku kunogona kudzikisira imwe mari yemafuta.

Mutengi Testimonial:

“Zviri nyore kuona kuti maforklift edhiziri ane hunyanzvi hwekuenderera mberi kwekushanda kupfuura maforklift emagetsi nekuti vatengi vanongoda kuwedzera mafuta vobva varamba vachishanda, nepo forklift yemagetsi inoda nguva yekuchaja.Mushure mekushandisa kweanenge makore 6-7, maforklift edhiziri anoda kugara achigadziriswa uye kutsiviwa kwezvikamu zvakasakara uye zvakakuvara kuti zvishande nemazvo.

Versatility uye Kushandisa Nyaya

Maindasitiri Anobatsirwa kubva ku3-Ton Forklifts

Maindasitiri akati wandei anobatsirwa nekushandisa 3-ton dhiziri forklifts.Warehousing uye Logistics mashandiro anovimba nemichina iyi pakubata zvakanaka zvinhu.Iyo 3-ton yakakura inokodzera nharaunda dzemukati dzine zvipingamupinyi zvenzvimbo.Nzvimbo dzekutengesa dzinoshandisa maforklift aya ekuchengetera masherufu uye kufambisa hesera.

Nzvimbo dzekuvaka dzinobatsirikawo kubva ku3-ton dizeli forklifts.Michina iyi inobata mitoro inorema uye inofamba munzvimbo dzakaipa.Kugadzira zvidyarwa zvinoshandisa 3-ton forklifts yekutakura zvigadzirwa uye zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa.Iko kuita kwakasiyana-siyana kweiyi forklifts kunoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune akasiyana maapplication.

Real-World Mienzaniso

Mienzaniso yepasirese inosimbisa kushanda kwe3-ton dhiziri forklifts.Imba hombe yekuchengetera zvinhu inoshandisa maforklift aya kurongedza mapallets anosvika 4500mm kumusoro.Kugona uku kunowedzera vertical storage space.Kambani yekuvaka inoshandisa 3-ton forklifts kufambisa zvinhu zvekuvakisa munzvimbo isina kuenzana.Iyo yakasimba dhizaini uye yakakwira simba kubuda inovimbisa kuita kwakavimbika.

Cheni yekutengesa inoshandisa 3-ton forklifts munzvimbo dzekugovera.Michina iyi inofambisa nzira yekurodha nekuburitsa marori ekutakura.Iyo forklifts 'compact size inobvumira kufamba kuri nyore munzvimbo dzakavharirwa.Iyi mienzaniso inoratidza mashandisirwo anoshanda e3-ton dhiziri forklift munzvimbo dzakasiyana.

  • Dzokorora pfungwa huru

Nhungamiro yakafukidza zvakakosha zvedhiziri forklift 3-ton kusimudza 4500mm.Makiyi akatsanangurwa, mhando dzeinjini, metrics ekuita, uye zvinhu zvakajairika zvakakurukurwa.Iyo blog yakaratidzawo nzira dzekufambisa, kufunga kwekugadzirisa, mitengo, uye maapplication.

  • Pfungwa dzekupedzisira pakusarudza 3-ton dhiziri forklift

Kusarudza 3-ton dhiziri forklift inoda kunyatsotariswa kwezvinodiwa zvekushandisa.Mabhizinesi anofanirwa kuongorora simba rekusimudza, kuremedza nzvimbo kureba, uye kusimudza kureba.Kuita kweinjini uye kushanda kwemafuta ndizvo zvakakosha zvinhu.Chengetedzo maficha uye ergonomic dhizaini inosimudzira mushandisi kunyaradza uye kugadzira.

  • Kurudziro yekufunga nezvezvinodiwa chaizvo uye kubvunza nyanzvi

Mabhizinesi anofanirwa kuwiriranisa forklift yakatarwa nezvaaida chaizvo.Kubvunza nyanzvi dzeindasitiri kunovimbisa sarudzo dzine ruzivo.LiftOne ane ruzivo makanika anokurudzirakugadzirisa nguva dzose kuwedzera hupenyu hwemidziyo.Kugadzirisa nyaya diki nekukurumidza kunodzivirira kugadzirisa kunodhura uye kuderera.

 


Nguva yekutumira: Jul-08-2024